Issue 2│Demokratisierung

Queer Activism in Poland's split society
Political education through Bożna Wydrowska's performance artworks
Pinar Dogantekin

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"Everyone has to take the side, you can feel it in everyday life."

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With the assumption of power by law and justice in Poland, society has become more polarized. The current government, led by president Andrzej Duda, controls the state media only showing news and shows with an undemocratic view on the LGBT+ community but also a traditional picture of what a Polish woman ought to be like. "The medial situation is making citizens' views more extreme", the young artist Bożna Wydrowska explains.

Today, a growing number of journalists seeks political and economic refuge on the internet. Due to the increasing censorship of government privatizing media and preventing journalists and civilians from criticizing its actions Poland has a problem with freedom of opinion.

Right-wing conservative politics appeals to a part of society but the other half is completely against it. Bożna Wydrowksa describes a national feeling of being pressurized. “Everyone has to take the side, you can feel it in everyday life“, she explains.

Being gender fluid themself, Bożna Wydrowska deals a lot with the situation of Polish LGBT+ community being targeted by law and justice which promote the traditional and catholic family model. The current government not only excludes the entire LGBT+ community. Creating so-called LGBT+ -free zones, the president gave a statement regarding the LGBT+ community calling them an ideology more harmful than communism. But the government also bends women's rights by considering declarations regarding the withdrawal from the Istanbul Convention, enforcing a near-total abortion law and not protecting women when experiencing physical violence.
                   
“Ballroom and voguing led me to the topic of redefining gender.“

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Not only as a political activist but also as a political artist Bożna Wydrowska knows about the influence artworks can have in and on society. Most Polish artists are now politically involved in the fight against the current system while law and justice have been taking over and censoring cultural institutions for some time now promoting its right-wing ideology. “The world of arts is very much needed now because it is the only way to directly reach and communicate with recipients from various environments“, Bożna Wydrowska says.

Wydrowska expresses feelings and thoughts by performing art. As a ballroom and voguing dancer and teacher they integrates her knowledge about these powerful themes.

Ballroom culture originated in the 1970s among the underground BIPoC queer community of New York City. The first mentions of drag balls appeared in the second half of the twenthieth century; at that time they were huge shows for several thousand people. But although this was a place of integration for the queer community, it was still subject to strong racial inequalities. After some time, the black queer community decided to create balls on its own terms. Ballroom consists of categories that reflect its lived experiences through performance and dance.

Voguing is a dance form that comes from improvisation; it also emerged in the community in the 1970s. Inspired by the style of ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs and the famous images of models in Vogue magazine, voguing is characterized by striking a series of poses as if one is modeling for a photo shoot. Arm and leg movements are angular, linear, rigid, and move swiftly from one static position to another. The story of voguing starts with ballroom icon Paris Dupree. “One day as he was listening to music while flipping through a Vogue magazine, he noticed the different poses that the models were doing and took them and decided to imitate those poses to music. Sometimes holding different poses to the music. He began doing this new dance at the clubs and at the balls. That is how Vogue was introduced into the ballroom scene.“ (Jamal, 2017) Voguing offers a chance for a broader exploration of gender identity and articulation of sexuality.

In 2012 Bożna Wydrowska was one of the first artists who introduced this culture to the wider public in Poland by teaching classes, organizing workshops, and giving lectures. “Ballroom culture has given me not only a new chosen family but also a new perspective and strategies on examining machinery of the social relations beyond the culture. It led me to the topic of reclaiming and redefining masculinity and femininity regardless of gender and also pushed me to experiment with different images, transforming my body to become my own fantasy and that of others“, the young artist explains. In 2016 Bożna decided to start organizing balls in Warsaw into which she engaged Polish DJs and dancers as well as guests from abroad. The goal was not only to popularize the ballroom culture in Poland and the local club scene but also to create a safe space for everybody who feels excluded from society.

As ballroom culture and voguing have always been a form of protest fighting against race, class, gender and sexual oppression Bożna Wydrowska has begun adopting a similar strategy in the Polish ballroom community after the intensification of homophobic and nationalist movements related to the change of the ruling party in Poland. It became a creative response to the dangers against the political and social background. After strong repressions against the Polish LGBT+ community and women's rights ballroom has become a form of performing resistance and rebellion against the system.
                   
How everyone's body can help to reshape the understanding of the world
                   
As the body itself is the basis for Bożna Wydrowska‘s artwork they interprets it as the “essential ground of human identity“. The message of the artwork achieves to have a real impact on social life: “Our bodily encounters with the physical environment shape and reshape our understanding of the world. I believe our bodies are as public and important as our thoughts and opinions. Body in motion is a powerful tool to fight against social and political oppression.“ Currently artists are facing big challenges in Poland's political situation. Artistic institutions become more and more controlled. The current censorship does not allow many young artists to speak up in the public discourse. “The consent to fascist behavior in the Polish public sphere is disturbing“, Bożna Wydrowska says. Unfortunately, especially female artists suffer from financial stress. The art market itself reproduces this poverty, often refusing to pay artists for work, or proposing really small budgets. Also the government’s subsidies for artistic activities are very small. “That is why it is so important to create bottom-up mechanisms of solidarity and mutual support, to set up cooperatives and collectives, and to enable them to join work outside institutions“, Bożna Wydrowska appeals.

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27- year-old performance artist, dancer and model Bożna Wydrowska is a socio-political activist fighting against political oppression and hierarchies in Poland. The graduate of Warsaw Academy of Fine Arts expresses herself as a sometimes more fluid, sometimes more unidentified and sometimes more feminine experimental identity in a society that is controlled by a conservative party.
   
               
References

Amnesty Journal, 2021. Polen- Gehen oder bleiben? https://www.amnesty.de/informieren/amnesty-journal/polen-gehen-oder-bleiben (visited September 25, 2021)

Hämäläinen, Janita, 2020. Dudas homophober Endspurt. Polens Präsident und sein Anti-LGBT Wahlkampf. https://www.spiegel.de/ausland/polen-im-anti-lgbt-wahlkampf-andrzej-dudas-homophober-endspurt-a- 3bb97ad3-5746-46cd-8134-84b9f1a4554c (visited September 25, 2021)

BBC, 2012. Istanbul Convention: Poland to leave European treaty on violence against women. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-53538205.amp (visited September 25, 2021)Milan, Jamal, 2017. The History of Vogue. http://www.jamalmilan.com/439287344 (visited September 25, 2021)